Breast Cancer: Intraoperative Radiation Therapy (IORT)
Overview
什么是术中radiation therapy (IORT)?
Intraoperative Radiation Therapy (IORT) for earlybreast canceris a procedure where radiation is delivered directly to thetumoror tumor bed during a lumpectomy (surgery to remove part of your breast). This type of therapy is different from traditional radiation therapy, known asexternal beam radiation therapy (EBRT), which floods the entire breast with radiation. Typically, IORT is combined with EBRT orchemotherapy.
IORT is an preferred therapy for several reasons:
- IORT is a shorter procedure.
- IORT is given in a single dose instead repeatedly over several weeks.
- IORT has fewer side effects compared to EBRT.
- IORT delivers a higher dose of radiation.
- IORT eliminates the cancer, leaving the healthy tissues alone.
IORT might reduce the possibility of arecurrenceof cancer because it eliminates microscopic disease immediately (EBRT might not start until a month later, giving the cancer time to return). And IORT can be performed again while EBRT may not.
Which breast cancer patients should receive intraoperative radiation therapy?
You may benefit most from IORT if you are over the age of 50 and have early stage breast cancer that has not spread.
How often is intraoperative radiation therapy performed?
Intraoperative radiation therapy requires unique equipment. It is not readily available at every healthcare facility, so it is used far less than external beam radiotherapy. It is not used as often as EBRT.
Procedure Details
How is intraoperative radiation therapy used to treat breast cancer?
In treating breast cancer, IORT is used in patients who have had alumpectomy(从乳房切除肿瘤),而不是amastectomy(removal of the entire breast). The IORT device delivers low-energy, high-doseradiationdirectly to the tumor bed (the cavity left after the tumor has been removed from the breast) in the operating room, right after the tumor has been removed.
After the lumpectomy, a spherical applicator on the IORT device is placed directly into the tumor bed and delivers a smaller dose of x-rays than is transported in standard radiation therapy.
What happens before intraoperative radiation therapy?
Your radiation team will determine the proper dose of radiation and the correct angles for the radiation beams.
Directly before the dose of radiotherapy, you will be in surgery to remove the cancer from your breast(s) (lumpectomy).
What happens during the procedure?
The tumor is removed from yourbreast. Then, delivery of the IORT is done via electron beams, x-rays or high-dose-rate brachytherapy where the tumor was. Finally, the incision is closed.
How long does the procedure last?
The IORT treatment usually takes about 30 minutes, depending on the IORT device.
Will I be asleep during intraoperative radiation therapy?
Yes, you will be asleep underanesthesia.
What should I expect after the procedure?
In some instances the intraoperative radiation therapy is delivered after the surgery instead of during it. Your surgeon will have to reopen your incision if that is necessary.
After the procedure, be sure to get enough rest, stay hydrated and eat nutritious meals.
Risks / Benefits
What are the advantages of intraoperative radiation therapy?
Breast IORT has many advantages:
- All of the needed radiation can be delivered at one time. The “standard” radiation therapy schedule for breast cancer is five days a week for up to six weeks. IORT saves time, and is more efficient and convenient for the patient.
- The radiation dose in IORT is much smaller than that of external beam radiotherapy.
- Nearby normal/healthy organs and tissues receive less, if any, radiation from IORT.
- If necessary, the patient can have another lumpectomy if another tumor is found in the breast in the future.
- IORT明显低于成本external beam radiotherapy.
What are the side effects of intraoperative radiation therapy?
The most common side effects of IORT are bruising and excess fluid buildup in the breast tissues. A short list of side effects common with any type of radiation therapy includes:
- Anemia.
- Bleeding.
- Constipation.
- Diarrhea.
- Dizziness.
- Fatigue.
- Headaches.
- Pain.
- Skinproblems.
- Sleep problems.
Is intraoperative radiation therapy painful?
The procedure won’t hurt you at all. There can be painfulbruisingin the area afterwards.
Recovery and Outlook
What’s the prognosis? How effective is intraoperative radiation therapy?
Some studies have shown that intraoperative radiation therapy is just as effective as external beam radiation therapy. Other studies have proven that women who have IORT are more likely to have local recurrence (the cancer returns in the same breast) than those who had whole breast EBRT. In one experiment, 15.2% of 1,721 women who got intraoperative radiation therapy had to have EBRT later. That same experiment showed that both radiation techniques had similar survival rates after five years. 97.4% of participants who got IORT survived, as did 98.1% of those who got EBRT. A similar study saw similar results: 96.8% of IORT patients survived after six years and so did 96.9% of EBRT patients.
As for the risk of local recurrence (cancer coming back within the same breast), the recurrence rate is 2.1% for IORT and 1% for EBRT.
The bottom line is that IORT and EBRT survival results are similar, but IORT is less effective at preventing cancer from coming back in the same breast. Experts agree that more research is needed because IORT is still a relatively new procedure.
When to Call the Doctor
When should I contact my healthcare provider?
Talk to your healthcare provider if you have any concerns about your procedure. Discuss with them, before the surgery, what side effects they expect you to have and what side effects warrant contacting them. Side effects can be different for you vs. someone else, even if you’ve had the same radiation treatment.
Don’t forget that there are emotional side effects of breast cancer treatment. Seek out a therapist for counseling and a psychiatrist for medication, if necessary.
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